The second phase of treatment is called post-remission therapy (or continuation therapy). It is designed to kill any remaining leukemic cells. In post-remission therapy, patients may receive high doses of chemotherapy, designed to eliminate any remaining leukemic cells. Treatment may include a combination of cytarabine, daunorubicin, idarubicin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, or cytarabine.There are a number of different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia is classified using a system called the French American British (FAB) system. In the this system, the subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia are grouped according to the particular cell line in which the disease developed. There are eight distinct types of acute myeloid leukemia, designated M0 through M7. Types M2 (myeloblastic leukemia with maturation) and M4 (myelomonocytic leukemia) each account for 25% of acute myeloid leukemia; M1 (myeloblastic leukemia, with few or no mature cells) accounts for 15%; M3 (promyelocytic leukemia) and M5 (monocytic leukemia) each account for 10% of cases; the other subtypes are rarely seen. acute myeloid leukemia is also classified according to the chromosomal abnormalities in the malignant cells.
The treatment of the subtype of AML called acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) differs from that for other forms of AML. (APL is M3 in the FAB system.) Most APL patients are now treated first with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) which induces a complete response in 70% of cases and extends survival. APL patients are then given a course of consolidation therapy, which is likely to include cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and idarubicin.
The treatment of the subtype of AML called acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) differs from that for other forms of AML. (APL is M3 in the FAB system.) Most APL patients are now treated first with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) which induces a complete response in 70% of cases and extends survival. APL patients are then given a course of consolidation therapy, which is likely to include cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and idarubicin.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Acute Myelogenous Luekemia Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a cancer of primitive white blood cells in the bone marrow.Leukemia begins when normal blood cells change and grow uncontrollably. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a cancer affecting white blood cells.
Acute myelogenous leukemia may sometimes be called acute myeloid leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Unlike chronic leukemia, acute leukemia develops quickly and generally requires immediate treatment. Acute myeloid leukemia occurs in people of all ages but is most common in adults older than 65.and more commonly in men than women. Acute myelogenous leukemia is treated with chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate is 40%.Subtypes of acute myelogenous leukemia include acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Acute myelogenous leukemia AML is a disorder of the process that normally produces neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. Neutrophils fight infections caused by bacteria. The production of mature neutrophils usually is highly regulated. For example, the body rapidly makes more neutrophils during an infection and returns to a regular level of production when the infection is controlled. Mature neutrophils develop from immature white cells in a process called differentiation.In a healthy person, bone marrow makes the blood stem cells that mature into infection-fighting white blood cells, oxygen-carrying red blood cells and blood-clotting platelets. When a person has acute myeloid leukemia, cells called myeloid stem cells usually develop instead into a type of immature white blood cell called myeloblasts, which never go on to become healthy, infection-fighting white blood cells.
There are two phases of treatment for AML. The first phase is called induction therapy. The purpose of induction therapy is to kill as many of the leukemia cells as possible and induce a remission, a state in which there is no visible evidence of disease and blood counts are normal. Patients may receive a combination of drugs during this phase including daunorubicin, idarubicin, or mitoxantrone plus cytarabine and thioguanine. Once in remission with no signs of leukemia, patients enter a second phase of treatment.
Acute myelogenous leukemia may sometimes be called acute myeloid leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Unlike chronic leukemia, acute leukemia develops quickly and generally requires immediate treatment. Acute myeloid leukemia occurs in people of all ages but is most common in adults older than 65.and more commonly in men than women. Acute myelogenous leukemia is treated with chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate is 40%.Subtypes of acute myelogenous leukemia include acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Acute myelogenous leukemia AML is a disorder of the process that normally produces neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. Neutrophils fight infections caused by bacteria. The production of mature neutrophils usually is highly regulated. For example, the body rapidly makes more neutrophils during an infection and returns to a regular level of production when the infection is controlled. Mature neutrophils develop from immature white cells in a process called differentiation.In a healthy person, bone marrow makes the blood stem cells that mature into infection-fighting white blood cells, oxygen-carrying red blood cells and blood-clotting platelets. When a person has acute myeloid leukemia, cells called myeloid stem cells usually develop instead into a type of immature white blood cell called myeloblasts, which never go on to become healthy, infection-fighting white blood cells.
There are two phases of treatment for AML. The first phase is called induction therapy. The purpose of induction therapy is to kill as many of the leukemia cells as possible and induce a remission, a state in which there is no visible evidence of disease and blood counts are normal. Patients may receive a combination of drugs during this phase including daunorubicin, idarubicin, or mitoxantrone plus cytarabine and thioguanine. Once in remission with no signs of leukemia, patients enter a second phase of treatment.
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